home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Unknown | 1992-06-06 | 298.1 KB |
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MacOS 8.1
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Win98
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DOS
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Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
66%
| dexvert
| OS/2 Installation Package (archive/os2InstallPackage)
| ext
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| BeOS Installation Package (archive/beOSInstallPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
1%
| dexvert
| Newton Package (archive/newtonPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
1%
| dexvert
| Independence War 2 mod Package (other/independenceWar2ModPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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|00000470| 03 00 11 0b 00 00 38 30 | 00 00 00 01 5e a8 03 00 |......80|....^...|
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|000004a0| 38 33 00 00 00 01 74 cc | 03 00 50 0b 00 00 38 34 |83....t.|..P...84|
|000004b0| 00 00 00 01 c4 d7 03 00 | dd 0b 00 00 38 35 00 00 |........|....85..|
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|000004e0| 03 00 08 0f 00 00 38 38 | 00 00 00 01 c6 0a 04 00 |......88|........|
|000004f0| 7e 0d 00 00 38 39 00 00 | 00 01 44 18 04 00 86 0a |~...89..|..D.....|
|00000500| 00 00 39 30 00 00 00 01 | ca 22 04 00 fd 10 00 00 |..90....|."......|
|00000510| 39 31 00 00 00 01 c7 33 | 04 00 ae 0f 00 00 39 32 |91.....3|......92|
|00000520| 00 00 00 01 75 43 04 00 | 8f 09 00 00 39 33 00 00 |....uC..|....93..|
|00000530| 00 01 04 4d 04 00 10 0e | 00 00 39 34 00 00 00 01 |...M....|..94....|
|00000540| 14 5b 04 00 c6 09 00 00 | 39 35 00 00 00 01 da 64 |.[......|95.....d|
|00000550| 04 00 41 0e 00 00 39 36 | 00 00 00 01 1b 73 04 00 |..A...96|.....s..|
|00000560| fb 11 00 00 39 37 00 00 | 00 01 16 85 04 00 a4 0d |....97..|........|
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|00000580| 39 39 00 00 00 01 a6 9b | 04 00 b7 0c 00 00 00 00 |99......|........|
|00000590| 00 00 00 00 5d a8 04 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 55 6e 69 |....]...|....$Uni|
|000005a0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 31 32 32 30 30 7d |que_ID{Y|RB12200}|
|000005b0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 50 6c 61 74 65 6c 65 |..$Title|{Platele|
|000005c0| 74 20 4d 41 4f 20 41 63 | 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 61 |t MAO Ac|tivity a|
|000005d0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 43 | 6f 72 74 69 73 6f 6c 20 |nd the C|ortisol |
|000005e0| 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 | 20 74 6f 20 44 65 78 61 |Response| to Dexa|
|000005f0| 6d 65 74 68 61 73 6f 6e | 65 20 69 6e 20 4d 61 6a |methason|e in Maj|
|00000600| 6f 72 20 44 65 70 72 65 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 7d 0d 0a |or Depre|ssion}..|
|00000610| 24 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b | 0d 0a 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 |$Author{|..Meltze|
|00000620| 72 2c 20 48 59 0d 0a 4c | 6f 77 79 2c 20 4d 54 0d |r, HY..L|owy, MT.|
|00000630| 0a 4c 6f 63 61 73 63 69 | 6f 2c 20 4a 4a 7d 0d 0a |.Locasci|o, JJ}..|
|00000640| 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 7b 43 61 73 |$Affilia|tion{Cas|
|00000650| 65 20 57 65 73 74 65 72 | 6e 20 52 65 73 65 72 76 |e Wester|n Reserv|
|00000660| 65 20 55 6e 69 76 7d 0d | 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |e Univ}.|.$Journa|
|00000670| 6c 7b 42 69 6f 6c 20 50 | 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 |l{Biol P|sychiatr|
|00000680| 79 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c | 75 6d 65 7b 32 34 7d 0d |y}..$Vol|ume{24}.|
|00000690| 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b 31 | 32 39 2d 31 34 32 7d 0d |.$Page{1|29-142}.|
|000006a0| 0a 24 44 61 74 65 7b 4a | 75 6e 65 20 31 39 38 38 |.$Date{J|une 1988|
|000006b0| 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f | 6c 7b 31 39 39 30 20 59 |}..$YBVo|l{1990 Y|
|000006c0| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 |ear Book| of Psyc|
|000006d0| 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c 69 |hiatry a|nd Appli|
|000006e0| 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 61 | 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 68 |ed Menta|l Health|
|000006f0| 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 70 | 74 65 72 7b 31 2d 35 31 |}..$Chap|ter{1-51|
|00000700| 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 | 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 |}..$YBEd|itor{Drs|
|00000710| 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 | 74 2c 20 46 72 61 6e 63 |. Talbot|t, Franc|
|00000720| 65 73 2c 20 46 72 61 6e | 63 65 73 2c 20 46 72 65 |es, Fran|ces, Fre|
|00000730| 65 64 6d 61 6e 2c 20 4d | 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 2c 20 |edman, M|eltzer, |
|00000740| 53 63 68 6f 77 61 6c 74 | 65 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |Schowalt|er, and |
|00000750| 59 75 64 6f 66 73 6b 79 | 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c |Yudofsky|}..$Tabl|
|00000760| 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f | 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f |e{}..$Co|mmentato|
|00000770| 72 7b 48 2e 59 2e 20 4d | 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 2c 20 |r{H.Y. M|eltzer, |
|00000780| 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d | 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 |M.D.}...|.Copyrig|
|00000790| 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 | 65 61 72 62 6f 6f 6b 20 |ht (c) Y|earbook |
|000007a0| 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c 20 | 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 |Medical |Publishe|
|000007b0| 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e | 2c 20 31 39 39 30 0d 0a |rs, Inc.|, 1990..|
|000007c0| 0d 0a 31 39 39 30 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |..1990 Y|ear Book|
|000007d0| 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 | 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | of Psyc|hiatry a|
|000007e0| 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c 69 | 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 61 |nd Appli|ed Menta|
|000007f0| 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 68 | 20 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d 0a |l Health| (R)....|
|00000800| 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 | 31 2d 2d 42 69 6f 6c 6f |Chapter |1--Biolo|
|00000810| 67 69 63 20 50 73 79 63 | 68 69 61 74 72 79 0d 0a |gic Psyc|hiatry..|
|00000820| 0d 0a 41 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 44 69 73 6f |..Affect|ive Diso|
|00000830| 72 64 65 72 73 0d 0a 0d | 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |rders...|.-------|
|00000840| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000850| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000860| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000870| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000880| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d | 0a 50 6c 61 74 65 6c 65 |-------.|.Platele|
|00000890| 74 20 4d 41 4f 20 41 63 | 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 61 |t MAO Ac|tivity a|
|000008a0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 43 | 6f 72 74 69 73 6f 6c 20 |nd the C|ortisol |
|000008b0| 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 | 20 74 6f 20 44 65 78 61 |Response| to Dexa|
|000008c0| 6d 65 74 68 61 73 6f 6e | 65 20 69 6e 20 4d 61 6a |methason|e in Maj|
|000008d0| 6f 72 0d 0a 44 65 70 72 | 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 0d 0a |or..Depr|ession..|
|000008e0| 0d 0a 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 | 72 20 48 59 2c 20 4c 6f |..Meltze|r HY, Lo|
|000008f0| 77 79 20 4d 54 2c 20 4c | 6f 63 61 73 63 69 6f 20 |wy MT, L|ocascio |
|00000900| 4a 4a 0d 0a 28 43 61 73 | 65 20 57 65 73 74 65 72 |JJ..(Cas|e Wester|
|00000910| 6e 20 52 65 73 65 72 76 | 65 20 55 6e 69 76 29 0d |n Reserv|e Univ).|
|00000920| 0a 42 69 6f 6c 20 50 73 | 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 |.Biol Ps|ychiatry|
|00000930| 20 32 34 3a 31 32 39 2d | 31 34 32 2c 20 4a 75 6e | 24:129-|142, Jun|
|00000940| 65 20 31 39 38 38 0d 0a | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |e 1988..|--------|
|00000950| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000960| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000970| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000980| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000990| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a | 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 |------..|..Abstra|
|000009a0| 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 52 65 73 75 6c |ct.... | Resul|
|000009b0| 74 73 20 6f 66 20 73 74 | 75 64 69 65 73 20 6f 6e |ts of st|udies on|
|000009c0| 20 74 68 65 20 61 73 73 | 6f 63 69 61 74 69 6f 6e | the ass|ociation|
|000009d0| 20 6f 66 20 70 6c 61 74 | 65 6c 65 74 20 6d 6f 6e | of plat|elet mon|
|000009e0| 6f 61 6d 69 6e 65 20 6f | 78 69 64 61 73 65 20 28 |oamine o|xidase (|
|000009f0| 4d 41 4f 29 0d 0a 61 63 | 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 61 |MAO)..ac|tivity a|
|00000a00| 6e 64 20 64 65 78 61 6d | 65 74 68 61 73 6f 6e 65 |nd dexam|ethasone|
|00000a10| 20 6e 6f 6e 73 75 70 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 | nonsupp|ression |
|00000a20| 68 61 76 65 20 76 61 72 | 69 65 64 2e 20 20 49 66 |have var|ied. If|
|00000a30| 20 69 73 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 61 6e 0d 0a 61 73 73 | is such| an..ass|
|00000a40| 6f 63 69 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 69 74 20 6d 69 67 |ociation|, it mig|
|00000a50| 68 74 20 65 78 70 6c 61 | 69 6e 20 77 68 79 20 73 |ht expla|in why s|
|00000a60| 6f 6d 65 20 64 65 70 72 | 65 73 73 65 64 20 70 61 |ome depr|essed pa|
|00000a70| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 66 | 61 69 6c 20 74 6f 20 73 |tients f|ail to s|
|00000a80| 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 70 72 6f |uppress |the..pro|
|00000a90| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 72 74 69 |duction |of corti|
|00000aa0| 73 6f 6c 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 64 65 78 61 6d 65 |sol afte|r dexame|
|00000ab0| 74 68 61 73 6f 6e 65 20 | 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e |thasone |treatmen|
|00000ac0| 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 |t. The |results |
|00000ad0| 6f 66 20 61 6e 61 6c 79 | 73 69 73 0d 0a 6f 66 20 |of analy|sis..of |
|00000ae0| 74 68 65 20 4d 41 4f 2f | 70 6f 73 74 64 65 78 61 |the MAO/|postdexa|
|00000af0| 6d 65 74 68 61 73 6f 6e | 65 20 73 65 72 75 6d 20 |methason|e serum |
|00000b00| 63 6f 72 74 69 73 6f 6c | 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f |cortisol| relatio|
|00000b10| 6e 73 68 69 70 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 |nship we|re compa|
|00000b20| 72 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e | 67 20 61 0d 0a 6d 65 64 |red usin|g a..med|
|00000b30| 69 61 6e 20 73 70 6c 69 | 74 20 6f 66 20 4d 41 4f |ian spli|t of MAO|
|00000b40| 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 73 75 | activit|y and su|
|00000b50| 70 70 72 65 73 73 6f 72 | 2f 6e 6f 6e 73 75 70 70 |ppressor|/nonsupp|
|00000b60| 72 65 73 73 6f 72 20 63 | 61 74 65 67 6f 72 69 7a |ressor c|ategoriz|
|00000b70| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 0d 0a 4d 41 4f 20 |ation, a|nd..MAO |
|00000b80| 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 79 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 72 |activity| and ser|
|00000b90| 75 6d 20 63 6f 72 74 69 | 73 6f 6c 20 6c 65 76 65 |um corti|sol leve|
|00000ba0| 6c 73 20 61 73 20 63 6f | 6e 74 69 6e 75 6f 75 73 |ls as co|ntinuous|
|00000bb0| 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c | 65 73 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | variabl|es... |
|00000bc0| 20 20 46 6f 72 74 79 2d | 6f 6e 65 20 70 61 74 69 | Forty-|one pati|
|00000bd0| 65 6e 74 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 |ents wit|h major |
|00000be0| 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c |depressi|on, incl|
|00000bf0| 75 64 69 6e 67 20 39 20 | 73 63 68 69 7a 6f 61 66 |uding 9 |schizoaf|
|00000c00| 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 0d | 0a 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 |fective.|.depress|
|00000c10| 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 35 | 20 73 63 68 69 7a 6f 70 |ed and 5| schizop|
|00000c20| 68 72 65 6e 69 63 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2c |hrenic p|atients,|
|00000c30| 20 77 65 72 65 20 73 74 | 75 64 69 65 64 2e 20 20 | were st|udied. |
|00000c40| 54 77 65 6e 74 79 2d 65 | 69 67 68 74 20 6e 6f 72 |Twenty-e|ight nor|
|00000c50| 6d 61 6c 0d 0a 76 6f 6c | 75 6e 74 65 65 72 73 20 |mal..vol|unteers |
|00000c60| 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 61 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |served a|s contro|
|00000c70| 6c 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 64 65 78 61 6d 65 74 |ls. The| dexamet|
|00000c80| 68 61 73 6f 6e 65 20 73 | 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 69 |hasone s|uppressi|
|00000c90| 6f 6e 20 74 65 73 74 20 | 77 61 73 0d 0a 61 64 6d |on test |was..adm|
|00000ca0| 69 6e 69 73 74 65 72 65 | 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 |inistere|d after |
|00000cb0| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 64 |treatmen|t with d|
|00000cc0| 65 78 61 6d 65 74 68 61 | 73 6f 6e 65 2c 20 31 20 |exametha|sone, 1 |
|00000cd0| 6d 67 2c 20 61 74 20 31 | 31 20 50 4d 2e 20 41 74 |mg, at 1|1 PM. At|
|00000ce0| 20 38 20 41 4d 20 61 6e | 64 20 34 0d 0a 50 4d 20 | 8 AM an|d 4..PM |
|00000cf0| 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 65 78 74 20 64 61 79 2c |on the n|ext day,|
|00000d00| 20 73 65 72 75 6d 20 73 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 77 | serum s|amples w|
|00000d10| 65 72 65 20 6f 62 74 61 | 69 6e 65 64 2e 20 20 43 |ere obta|ined. C|
|00000d20| 6f 72 74 69 73 6f 6c 20 | 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 6f |ortisol |levels o|
|00000d30| 66 20 61 74 20 6c 65 61 | 73 74 0d 0a 35 2e 30 20 |f at lea|st..5.0 |
|00000d40| 6d 75 5f 67 2f 64 6c 20 | 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e |mu_g/dl |represen|
|00000d50| 74 65 64 20 6e 6f 6e 73 | 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 69 |ted nons|uppressi|
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|00004bf0| 0a 0d 0a 41 6e 78 69 65 | 74 79 20 44 69 73 6f 72 |...Anxie|ty Disor|
|00004c00| 64 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 41 6c 7a 68 65 69 6d |ders and| Alzheim|
|00004c10| 65 72 27 73 20 44 69 73 | 65 61 73 65 0d 0a 0d 0a |er's Dis|ease....|
|00004c20| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c30| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004c60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00004c70| 35 48 54 33 20 52 65 63 | 65 70 74 6f 72 20 41 6e |5HT3 Rec|eptor An|
|00004c80| 74 61 67 6f 6e 69 73 74 | 73 20 42 6c 6f 63 6b 20 |tagonist|s Block |
|00004c90| 4d 6f 72 70 68 69 6e 65 | 2d 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 69 |Morphine|- and Ni|
|00004ca0| 63 6f 74 69 6e 65 2d 20 | 42 75 74 20 4e 6f 74 0d |cotine- |But Not.|
|00004cb0| 0a 41 6d 70 68 65 74 61 | 6d 69 6e 65 2d 49 6e 64 |.Ampheta|mine-Ind|
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|00004cd0| 61 72 62 6f 6e 69 20 45 | 2c 20 41 63 71 75 61 73 |arboni E|, Acquas|
|00004ce0| 20 45 2c 20 4c 65 6f 6e | 65 20 50 2c 20 44 69 20 | E, Leon|e P, Di |
|00004cf0| 43 68 69 61 72 61 20 47 | 0d 0a 28 55 6e 69 76 20 |Chiara G|..(Univ |
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|00004d20| 61 63 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 | 39 37 3a 31 37 35 2d 31 |acology |97:175-1|
|00004d30| 37 38 2c 20 31 39 38 39 | 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |78, 1989|..------|
|00004d40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004d50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004d60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004d70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004d80| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 |--------|....Abst|
|00004d90| 72 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 53 65 72 |ract....| Ser|
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|00004fb0| 20 20 20 20 20 41 6c 6c | 20 33 20 64 72 75 67 73 | All| 3 drugs|
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|00005000| 4d 44 4c 20 37 32 32 32 | 32 20 61 6c 6f 6e 65 20 |MDL 7222|2 alone |
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|000058b0| 63 68 6f 70 68 61 72 6d | 61 63 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 |chopharm|acology |
|000058c0| 39 38 3a 39 37 2d 31 30 | 31 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d |98:97-10|1, 1989.|
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|00005ef0| 0a 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 | 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 |.other p|sychiatr|
|00005f00| 69 63 20 64 69 73 6f 72 | 64 65 72 73 2e 20 20 4c |ic disor|ders. L|
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|00005f20| 69 6e 67 20 72 65 73 65 | 61 72 63 68 2c 20 74 68 |ing rese|arch, th|
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|00005f50| 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 | 20 57 69 6c 6c 20 6c 65 |stions. | Will le|
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|00005ff0| 20 20 43 61 6e 20 73 75 | 62 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 | Can su|bsequent|
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|000060c0| 72 65 61 6d 73 0d 0a 6f | 66 20 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 |reams..o|f clinic|
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|000060e0| 59 2e 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a | 65 72 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e |Y. Meltz|er, M.D.|
|000060f0| 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 75 | 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 42 |..$Uniqu|e_ID{YRB|
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|00006120| 20 6f 66 20 41 6c 7a 68 | 65 69 6d 65 72 27 73 20 | of Alzh|eimer's |
|00006130| 44 69 73 65 61 73 65 20 | 57 69 74 68 20 53 69 6e |Disease |With Sin|
|00006140| 67 6c 65 20 50 68 6f 74 | 6f 6e 20 45 6d 69 73 73 |gle Phot|on Emiss|
|00006150| 69 6f 6e 20 54 6f 6d 6f | 67 72 61 70 68 79 7d 0d |ion Tomo|graphy}.|
|00006160| 0a 24 41 75 74 68 6f 72 | 7b 0d 0a 42 75 72 6e 73 |.$Author|{..Burns|
|00006170| 2c 20 41 0d 0a 50 68 69 | 6c 70 6f 74 2c 20 4d 50 |, A..Phi|lpot, MP|
|00006180| 0d 0a 43 6f 73 74 61 2c | 20 44 43 0d 0a 45 6c 6c |..Costa,| DC..Ell|
|00006190| 2c 20 50 4a 0d 0a 4c 65 | 76 79 2c 20 52 7d 0d 0a |, PJ..Le|vy, R}..|
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|000061c0| 64 64 6c 65 73 65 78 20 | 53 63 68 6f 6f 6c 20 6f |ddlesex |School o|
|000061d0| 66 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 | 6e 65 2c 20 4c 6f 6e 64 |f Medici|ne, Lond|
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|00006230| 7b 31 39 38 39 7d 0d 0a | 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 |{1989}..|$YBVol{1|
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|00006250| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | Psychia|try and |
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|00006290| 72 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 54 | 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 |r{Drs. T|albott, |
|000062a0| 46 72 61 6e 63 65 73 2c | 20 46 72 61 6e 63 65 73 |Frances,| Frances|
|000062b0| 2c 20 46 72 65 65 64 6d | 61 6e 2c 20 4d 65 6c 74 |, Freedm|an, Melt|
|000062c0| 7a 65 72 2c 20 53 63 68 | 6f 77 61 6c 74 65 72 2c |zer, Sch|owalter,|
|000062d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 59 75 64 | 6f 66 73 6b 79 7d 0d 0a | and Yud|ofsky}..|
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|00006310| 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 |, M.D.}.|...Copyr|
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|00006330| 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 | 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 |k Medica|l Publis|
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|00006390| 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 | 72 20 31 2d 2d 42 69 6f |..Chapte|r 1--Bio|
|000063a0| 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 50 73 | 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 |logic Ps|ychiatry|
|000063b0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 6e 78 69 | 65 74 79 20 44 69 73 6f |....Anxi|ety Diso|
|000063c0| 72 64 65 72 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 41 6c 7a 68 65 69 |rders an|d Alzhei|
|000063d0| 6d 65 72 27 73 20 44 69 | 73 65 61 73 65 0d 0a 0d |mer's Di|sease...|
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